See krows- on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "ine-bsl-pro",
"sense": "to cause to collapse?",
"word": "*kraušī́ˀtei"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"uncertain"
],
"roman": "kroúō",
"sense": "to strike, stamp, knock",
"word": "κρούω"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Hellenic",
"lang_code": "grk-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "*króuhō"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*krows-éye-ti"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "ine-bsl-pro",
"word": "*krušā́ˀ"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*krus-eh₂"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"uncertain",
"derived"
],
"sense": "to fall, collapse; to shudder?",
"word": "*hreusaną"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hrewwaną",
"t": "to be/make sad, regret, rue"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hrewwaną (“to be/make sad, regret, rue”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-toc-pro",
"2": "*krun-",
"3": "",
"4": "to strike, hit"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tocharian *krun- (“to strike, hit”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κρούω"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κρούω (kroúō)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Possibly an extended form of *krew(H)- as found in Proto-Germanic *hrewwaną (“to be/make sad, regret, rue”) and Proto-Tocharian *krun- (“to strike, hit”). Ancient Greek κρούω (kroúō) may reflect either root.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "*krows-",
"name": "ine-root"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/krows-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European irregularly shaped roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to push, bump, strike, break"
],
"id": "en-krows--ine-pro-root-vyMbcyH-",
"links": [
[
"push",
"push"
],
[
"bump",
"bump"
],
[
"strike",
"strike"
],
[
"break",
"break"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "krows-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "ine-bsl-pro",
"sense": "to cause to collapse?",
"word": "*kraušī́ˀtei"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"uncertain"
],
"roman": "kroúō",
"sense": "to strike, stamp, knock",
"word": "κρούω"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Hellenic",
"lang_code": "grk-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "*króuhō"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*krows-éye-ti"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "ine-bsl-pro",
"word": "*krušā́ˀ"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*krus-eh₂"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"uncertain",
"derived"
],
"sense": "to fall, collapse; to shudder?",
"word": "*hreusaną"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hrewwaną",
"t": "to be/make sad, regret, rue"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hrewwaną (“to be/make sad, regret, rue”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-toc-pro",
"2": "*krun-",
"3": "",
"4": "to strike, hit"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tocharian *krun- (“to strike, hit”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κρούω"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κρούω (kroúō)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Possibly an extended form of *krew(H)- as found in Proto-Germanic *hrewwaną (“to be/make sad, regret, rue”) and Proto-Tocharian *krun- (“to strike, hit”). Ancient Greek κρούω (kroúō) may reflect either root.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "*krows-",
"name": "ine-root"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/krows-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European irregularly shaped roots",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots"
],
"glosses": [
"to push, bump, strike, break"
],
"links": [
[
"push",
"push"
],
[
"bump",
"bump"
],
[
"strike",
"strike"
],
[
"break",
"break"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "krows-"
}
Download raw JSONL data for krows- meaning in All languages combined (2.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-04-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-04-01 using wiktextract (7de0cf9 and 9452535). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.